Le concept ‘risque’ dans les outils stratégiques d’aménagement et d’urbanisme: faiblesses antérieures et evaluation des mesures postérieures. Cas de la zone littorale de la Province de Nador au nord-est du Maroc

Abstract

Natural hazards are an inherent component of the coastal zone of the Nador Province in north-eastern Morocco. These phenomena repeatedly disturb the economic, social and environmental balance of the territory by generating impacts on the structural and functional organization of its components. Their recurrence is more and more pronounced, especially with the accelerated pace of climatic instabilities. Faced with such a situation, the authorities in charge of territorial management still continue to favor a management approach that is reactive rather than preventive; in fact, the interventions are always based on the management of emergency situations characterized by one-off actions limited in time and space, and especially driven by the implementation of sectoral action plans, in the near absence of convergence of visions and a proactive approach. The analysis of the first generation of urban planning documents that governed the development of this territory during the last forty years revealed to us the complete absence of taking risks into account in the planning process. At present, it must be admitted that he has some gestation about it. Indeed, the concept of risk is more and more central in planning and urban planning studies, except that there are still several technical and legal points to overcome, especially in the absence of a concerted national policy and framed by a law on the management of natural risks.