With increasing frequency we talk about giving new impulse to the path that, for centuries, has marked the trade between East and West. This New Silk Road would open up not only new socio-economic, geo-political and strategic scenarios but also interesting local development processes in the regions involved. In particular, it would represent an undoubted opportunity for China (now the second economic power in the world), for Europe (in search of new projects) and for Africa (on the fringe of the ‘world system’). The contribution aims to highlight the challenges and opportunities that the different territories and actors involved, first and foremost China, will be called to seize with the revival of the old connections and the opening of new routes through Asia, Europe and Africa.

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