COVID-19 Crisis Management in Newspaper Articles: A Diachronic Analysis
Abstract
Abstract
The present study focuses on how the COVID-19 crisis was dealt with and represented in newspaper articles in the period January 2020-February 2022. To this end, a corpus of articles was compiled from the Times using Sketch Engine (https://www.sketchengine.eu/), in order to manage and investigate the corpus quantitatively; discourse and genre analyses were applied for the qualitative approach. After providing a definition of the coronavirus timespan and the term crisis, the paper explores how the language used changed over successive periods of crisis management and communication (Coombs 2010). It also shows how the unpredictable development of the pandemic had an effect on communication flows, which in turn affected how the crisis unfolded. Different types of information were conveyed through the media that played a crucial role in selecting what to convey (and what not to convey) to the readers and how to represent it. This significantly contributed (and continues to contribute) to the development of the readers’ opinions and sentiments, fuelling their worries and feelings of uncertainty, weakness and risk (Denti 2021; Wodak 2021). Future research will focus on metadiscursive features and the changes in rhetorical persuasion (Hyland 2005), and on the politicisation of the crisis (Musolff et al. 2022; Thielemann and Weiss 2023).
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Bhatia, Vijay K. 2008. "Genre Analysis, ESP and Professional Practice". English for Specific Purposes 27 (2): 161-174.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2007.07.005
Conrad, Peter, and Kristin K. Barker. 2010. "The Social Construction of Illness: Key Insights and Policy Implications". Journal of Health and Social Behavior 51 (1): S67-S78.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0022146510383495
Coombs, W. Timothy. 2010. "Parameters for Crisis Communication". In The Handbook of Crisis Communication, edited by W. Timothy Coombs and Sherry J. Holladay, 17-64. Hoboken (NJ): Wiley-Blackwell. doi: 10.1002/9781444314885.ch1.
https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444314885.ch1
Della Sala, Vincenzo. 2011. "Crisis, What Crisis? Narration, Crisis and Decline in the European Union". EUSA Paper 8F.
http://euce.org/eusa/2011/papers/ 8F_dellasala.pdf
Denti, Olga. 2020. "Financial Narratives: A Multimodal Analysis of Newspaper Articles". Lingue e Linguaggi 40: 291-312. doi: 10.1285/i22390359v40p291.
Denti. Olga. 2021. "Covid-19 Crisis Management in Newspaper Articles: Interdiscursivity Issues". In Intertextuality: Intermixing Genres, Languages and Texts, edited by M. Grazia Dongu, Luisanna Fodde, Fiorenzo Iuliano, and Claudia Cao, 243-262. Milano: FrancoAngeli.
Denti, Olga, and Luisanna Fodde. "The Financial Crisis Hits Hard: The Impact of Emerging Crisis on Discursive Strategies and Linguistic Devices in EU Financial Stability Reviews (2004-2010)". In Discourse and Crisis: Critical Perspectives, edited by Antoon De Rycker and Zuraidah Mohd Don, 273-297. Amsterdam - Philadelphia: John Benjamins (DAPSAC Series).
https://doi.org/10.1075/dapsac.52.09den
De Rycker, Antoon, and Zuraidah Mohd Don, eds. 2013. Discourse and Crisis: Critical Perspectives. Amsterdam - Philadelphia: John Benjamins (DAPSAC Series).
https://doi.org/10.1075/dapsac.52
De Rycker, Antoon, and Zuraidah Mohd Don. 2013. "Discourse in Crisis, Crisis in Discourse". In Discourse and Crisis: Critical Perspectives, edited by Antoon De Rycker and Zuraidah Mohd Don, 3-29. Amsterdam - Philadelphia: John Benjamins (DAPSAC Series).
https://doi.org/10.1075/dapsac.52.01der
Dutta, Abhishek. 2022. "COVID-19 Waves: Variant Dynamics and Control". Sci Rep 12: 9332.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-13371-2
El-Shabasy, Rehan M., Mohamed A. Nayel, Mohamed M. Taher, Rehab Abdelmonem, Kamel R. Shoueir, and El Refaie Kenawyg. 2022. "Three Waves Changes, New Variant Strains, and Vaccination Effect against COVID-19 Pandemic". International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 204: 161-168.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.118
Fairclough, Norman. 2012. "Critical Discourse Analysis". In The Routledge Handbook of Discourse Analysis, edited by James Paul Gee and Michael Handford, 9-20. London - New York: Routledge.
Falkheimer, Jesper, and Mats Heide. 2010. "Crisis Communication in Change: From Plans to Improvisations". In The Handbook of Crisis Communication, edited by Timothy W. Coombs and Sherry J. Holladay, 511-526. Hoboken (NJ): Wiley-Blackwell.
https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444314885.ch25
Fink, Steven. 1986. Crisis Management: Planning for the Inevitable. New York: AMACOM.
Folger, Joseph P., Marshall S. Poole, and Randall K. Stutman. 2009. Working through Conflicts: Strategies for Relationships, Groups, and Organizations. 7th ed. Boston: Pearson.
Garzone, E. Giuliana. 2021. "Re-Thinking Metaphors in Covid-19 Communication". Lingue e Linguaggi 44: 159-181. doi: 10.1285/i22390359v44p159.
Hart, Christopher, ed. 2011. Critical Discourse Studies in Context and Cognition. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
https://doi.org/10.1075/dapsac.43
Hyland, Ken. 2005. Metadiscourse. London: Continuum.
Lean, Mei Li, Mohd Don Zuraidah, and Prasana R. Fernandez. 2013. "Polarization in the Media Representation of Terrorism Crises". In Discourse and Crisis: Critical Perspectives, edited by Antoon De Rycker and Zuraidah Mohd Don, 435-461. Amsterdam - Philadelphia: John Benjamins (DAPSAC Series).
Levenson, Eric 2020. "Officials Keep Calling the Coronavirus Pandemic a 'War'. Here's Why". CNN, April 2. [31/10/2023].
https://edition.cnn.com/2020/04/01/us/war-on-coronavirus-attack/index.html
Macmillan [31/10/2023]
https://covid19.macmillanlearning.com/
Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary [31/10/2023]
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/crisis
Mitroff, Ian. 1994. "Crisis Management and Environmentalism: A Natural Fit". California Management Review 3 (62): 101-113. doi: 10.2307/41165.
Musolff, Andreas, Ruth Breeze, Kayo Kondo, and Sara Vilar-Lluch, eds. 2022. Pandemic and Crisis Discourse: Communicating COVID-19 and Public Health Strategy. London: Bloomsbury.
https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350232730
Raboy, Marc, and Bernard Dagenais, eds. 1992. Media, Crisis and Democracy. London: Sage.
Semino, Elena. 2021. "'Not soldiers but fire-fighters' - Metaphors and Covid-19". Health Communication 36 (1): 50-58.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2020.1844989
Sketch Engine [31/10/2023]
https://www.sketchengine.eu/
Swales, John M. 2004. Research Genres: Explorations and Applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139524827
Thielemann, Nadine, and Daniel Weiss, eds. 2023. Remedies against the Pandemic: How Politicians Communicate Crisis Management. Amsterdam - Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
https://doi.org/10.1075/dapsac.102
Wilson, Deirdre. 2003. "Relevance Theory and Lexical Pragmatics". UCL Working Papers in Linguistics 16: 343-360.
Wodak, Ruth. 2021. "Crisis Communication and Crisis Management during COVID-19". Global Discourse 11 (3): 329-353.
https://doi.org/10.1332/204378921X16100431230102
WHO [31/10/2023]
https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7358/lcm-2023-002-deno
Copyright (©) 2023 OLGA DENTI – Editorial format and Graphical layout: copyright (©) LED Edizioni Universitarie

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Announcements
Forthcoming: Vol 11 (2024) No 2 “The Language of War: Lexicon, Metaphor, Discourse”
Edited by Anna Anselmo (Università degli Studi di Milano), Kim Grego (Università degli Studi di Milano), and Andreas Musolff (University of East Anglia)
Edited by Julien Longhi (CY – Cergy Paris Université) and Giuliano Rossi (Università degli Studi di Milano), with the collaboration of Claudia Cagninelli (Università degli Studi di Milano) and Nora Gattiglia (Università degli Studi di Genova).
Authors have to read through the Information for Authors and the Author guidelines carefully before beginning the submission process.
Deadline for papers submission: January 15th, 2025
Request for revision following peer review: by March 30th, 2025
Deadline for revised version submission: by April 30th, 2025
Publication: June 2025
Call for papers Vol 12 (2025) No 2: “Discourse and the Contemporary Chinese Media”
Edited by Chiara Bertulessi (Università degli Studi dell’Insubria), Lutgard Lams (KU Leuven), Bettina Mottura (Università degli Studi di Milano).
Authors have to read through the Information for Authors and the Author guidelines carefully before beginning the submission process.
Deadline for papers submission: June 10th, 2025
Request for revision following peer review: by Sepetember 10th, 2025
Deadline for revised version submission: by October 10th, 2025
Publication: December 2025
Lingue Culture Mediazioni - Languages Cultures Mediation
Registered by Tribunale di Milano (27/11/2013 n. 380)
Online ISSN 2421-0293 - Print ISSN 2284-1881
Dipartimento di Lingue, Letterature, Culture e Mediazioni
Università degli Studi di Milano
Editors-in-Chief: Paola Catenaccio (Università degli Studi di Milano) - Giuliana Garzone (IULM, Milano)
Editorial Board: Marina Brambilla (Università degli Studi di Milano) - Giovanni Garofalo (Università degli Studi di Bergamo) - Dino Gavinelli (Università degli Studi di Milano) - Antonella Ghersetti (Università di Venezia Ca’ Foscari) - Maria Grazia Guido (Università del Salento) - Elena Liverani (IULM, Milano) - Stefania Maci (Università degli Studi di Bergamo) - Andrea Maurizi (Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca) - Chiara Molinari (Università degli Studi di Milano) - Stefano Ondelli (Università degli Studi di Trieste) - Davide Papotti (Università degli Studi di Parma) - Francesca Santulli (Università di Venezia Ca’ Foscari) - Girolamo Tessuto (Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli) - Giovanni Turchetta (Università degli Studi di Milano) - Stefano Vicari (Università degli Studi di Genova)
International Scientific Committee: James Archibald (Università degli Studi di Torino) - Natalija G. Bragina (Institut Russkogo Jazyka im. A.S. Puškina; RSUH, Mosca) - Kristen Brustad (University of Texas at Austin) - Luciano Curreri (University of Liège) - Hugo de Burgh (University of Westminster) - Giuditta Caliendo (Université de Lille) - Giorgio Fabio Colombo (Università di Venezia Ca' Foscari) - Daniel Dejica (Universitatea Politehnica Timisoara) - Anna De Fina (Georgetown University, USA) - Claudio Di Meola, (Sapienza Università di Roma) - Lawrence Grossberg (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) - Stephen Gundle (University of Warwick) - Décio de Alencar Guzmán (Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brasile) - Matthias Heinz (Universität Salzburg) - Rosina Márquez-Reiter (The Open University) - John McLeod (University of Leeds) - Estrella Montolío Durán (Universitat de Barcelona) - M'bare N'gom (Morgan State University, Baltimore) - Daragh O'Connell (Cork University) - Roberto Perin (York University, Toronto) - Giovanni Rovere (Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg) - Lara Ryazanova-Clarke (University of Edinburgh) - Françoise Sabban (École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, Paris) - Kirk St.Amant (Louisiana Tech University, University of Limerick/University of Strasbourg) - Paul Sambre (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven) - Srikant Sarangi (Aalborg University) - Junji Tsuchiya (Waseda University, Tokyo) - Xu Shi (Zhejiang University)
Section Managers: Maria Matilde Benzoni, Università degli Studi di Milano (Modern history) - Paola Cotta Ramusino, Università degli Studi di Milano (Russian linguistics and translation) - Mario de Benedittis, Università degli Studi di Milano (Sociology) - Kim Grego Università degli Studi di Milano (English linguistics and translation) - Giovanna Mapelli, Università degli Studi di Milano (Spanish linguistics and translation) - Bettina Mottura, University of Milan (Chinese studies) - Mauro Giacomo Novelli, Università degli Studi di Milano (Contemporary Italian literature and culture) - Letizia Osti, Università degli Studi di Milano (Arab studies) - Maria Cristina Paganoni, Università degli Studi di Milano (English linguistics and translation) - Giuseppe Sergio, Università degli Studi di Milano (Italian linguistics) - Virginia Sica, Università degli Studi di Milano (Japanese studies)
© 2001 LED Edizioni Universitarie di Lettere Economia Diritto