Led On Line
Presentazione - About us
Novita' - What's new
E-Journals
E-books
Lededizioni Home Page Ricerca - Search
Catalogo - Catalogue
Per contattarci - Contacts
Per gli Autori - For the Authors
Statistiche - Statistics
Cookie Policy
Privacy Policy

Korsgaard’s Duties towards Animals: Two Difficulties

Nico Dario Mueller

Abstract


Building on her previous work (2004, 2012, 2013), Christine Korsgaard’s recent book Fellow Creatures (2018) has provided the most highly developed Kantian account of duties towards animals. I raise two issues with the results of this account. First, the duties that Korsgaard accounts for are duties “towards” animals in name only. Since Korsgaard does not reject the Kantian conception in which direct duties towards others require mutual moral constraint, what she calls duties “towards” animals are merely Kantian duties regarding animals, verbally repackaged. Hence, Korsgaard’s account is best understood as an expansion (albeit a substantial one) of Kant’s own view of an indirect duty regarding animals. Second, the expansion does not take us quite as far as Korsgaard hopes. She aims for a conception in which our duties towards animals and humans are equally important, but her argument does not support this conclusion. I point out the potential for a more radical revision of Kant’s anthropocentrism that rejects his underlying assumption that duties towards others are based on mutual constraint.


Keywords


anthropocentrism; autonomy; deontology; duties to animals; Kant; Kantianism; Korsgaard; moral status; non-consequentialism; obligation.

Full Text:

PDF

References


References to Kant use the pagination of the Akademie-Ausgabe (in the German original). References contain an abbreviated title (MS = Metaphysik der Sitten; Anth = Anthropologie in pragmatischer Hinsicht) with the volume, page, and line numbers. For English quotations, I used Mary Gregor's translation (Kant 1996).

Altman, Matthew C. 2011. Kant and Applied Ethics: The Uses and Limits of Kant's Practical Philosophy. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell.

https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118114162

Altman, Matthew C. 2019. "Animal Suffering and Moral Salience: A Defense of Kant's Indirect View". Journal of Value Inquiry 53 (2): 275-288.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10790-018-9667-4

Balluch, Martin. 2016. "Autonomie Bei Hunden". In Das Handeln Der Tiere: Tierliche Agency im Fokus der Human-Animal Studies, herausgegeben von Sven Wirth, Anett Laue, Markus Kurth, Katharina Dornenzweig, Leonie Bossert und Karsten Balgar, 203-225. Bielefeld: Transcript.

https://doi.org/10.1515/9783839432266-009

Baranzke, Heike. 2005. "Tierethik, Tiernatur und Moralanthropologie im Kontext von § 17, Tugendlehre". Kant-Studien 96 (3): 336-363. https://doi.org/10.1515/kant.2005.96.3.336

Basaglia, Federica. 2018. "Kantische Ansätze". In Handbuch Tierethik: Grundlagen - Kontexte - Perspektiven, herausgegeben von Johann S. Ach und Dagmar Borchers, 89-94. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler.

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05402-9_15

Birch, Jonathan. 2020. "The Place of Animals in Kantian Ethics". Biology & Philosophy 35 (8): 1-11.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10539-019-9712-0

Broadie, Alexander, and Elizabeth M. Pybus. 1974. "Kant's Treatment of Animals". Philosophy 49 (190): 375-383. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031819100063312

Camenzind, Samuel. 2018. "Der Paratext in Immanuel Kants Metaphysik der Sitten und seine (tier-)ethischen Implikationen". In Tierethik Transdisziplinär: Literatur - Kultur - Didaktik, 43-59. Bielefeld: Transcript.

https://doi.org/10.1515/9783839442593-003

Camenzind, Samuel. 2021. Instrumentalisierung: Zu einer Grundkategorie der Mensch-Tier-Beziehung. Paderborn: Mentis.

https://doi.org/10.30965/9783957437457

Cholbi, Michael. 2014. "A Direct Kantian Duty to Animals". Southern Journal of Philosophy 52 (3): 338-358. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjp.12079

Denis, Lara. 2000. "Kant's Conception of Duties Regarding Animals: Reconstruction and Reconsideration". History of Philosophy Quarterly 17 (4): 405-423.

Egonsson, Dan. 1997. "Kant's Vegetarianism". Journal of Value Inquiry 31 (4): 473-483.

https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004295530520

Garthoff, Jon. 2011. "Meriting Concern and Meriting Respect". Journal of Ethics & Social Philosophy 5 (2): 1-28. https://doi.org/10.26556/jesp.v5i2.52

Geismann, Georg. 2016. "Kants Moralphilosophie und die Pflichten in Ansehung der Tiere und der vernunftlosen Natur überhaupt". Jahrbuch für Recht und Ethik 24: 413-449.

Godfrey-Smith, Peter. 2021. "Philosophers and Other Animals". Aeon. https://aeon.co/essays/why-korsgaards-kantian-argument-about-animals-doesnt-work

Hayward, Tim. 1994. "Kant and the Moral Considerability of Non-Rational Beings". Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 36: 129-142. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1358246100006500

Herman, Barbara. 2018. "We Are Not Alone: A Place for Animals in Kant's Ethics". In Kant on Persons and Agency, edited by Eric Watkins, 174-191. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316856529.011

Hoff, Christina. 1983. "Kant's Invidious Humanism". Environmental Ethics 5 (1): 63-70.

https://doi.org/10.5840/enviroethics19835137

Howe, Alex. 2019. "Why Kant Animals Have Rights?". Journal of Animal Ethics 9 (2): 137-142.

https://doi.org/10.5406/janimalethics.9.2.0137

Judd, David, and James Rocha. 2017. "Autonomous Pigs". Ethics and the Environment 22 (1): 1-18.

https://doi.org/10.2979/ethicsenviro.22.1.01

Kant, Immanuel. 1996. Practical Philosophy, translated and edited by Mary J. Gregor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511813306

Korsgaard, Christine M. 1986. "Kant's Formula of Humanity". Kant-Studien 77 (1-4): 183-202.

https://doi.org/10.1515/kant.1986.77.1-4.183

Korsgaard, Christine M. 1996. The Sources of Normativity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511554476

Korsgaard, Christine M. 2004. "Fellow Creatures: Kantian Ethics and Our Duties to Animals". The Tanner Lectures on Human Values 24: 77-110. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:3198692

Korsgaard, Christine M. 2009. Self-Constitution: Agency, Identity, and Integrity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199552795.003.0001

Korsgaard, Christine M. 2012. "A Kantian Case for Animal Rights". In Animal Law: Tier und Recht: Developments and Perspectives in the 21st Century, edited by Margot Michel, Daniela Kühne, and Julia Hänni, 3-25. Zürich: DIKE.

Korsgaard, Christine M. 2013. "Kantian Ethics, Animals, and the Law". Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 33 (4): 629-648. https://doi.org/10.1093/ojls/gqt028

Korsgaard, Christine M. 2018. Fellow Creatures: Our Obligations to the Other Animals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198753858.003.0008

Moyer, Jeanna. 2001. "Why Kant and Ecofeminism Don't Mix". Hypathia 16 (3): 79-97.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2001.tb00925.x

Müller, Nico D. 2022. Kantianism for Animals: A Radical Kantian Animal Ethic. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01930-2

Pybus, Elizabeth M., and Alexander Broadie. 1978. "Kant and the Maltreatment of Animals". Philosophy 53 (206): 560-561. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031819100026383

Regan, Tom. (1983) 2004. The Case for Animal Rights. Reprint, Berkeley: University of California Press.

Rocha, James. 2015. "Kantian Respect for Minimally Rational Animals". Social Theory and Practice 41 (2): 309-327. https://doi.org/10.5840/soctheorpract201541217

Skidmore, James. 2001. "Duties to Animals: The Failure of Kant's Moral Theory". Journal of Value Inquiry 35 (4): 541-559. https://doi.org/¬10.1023/¬¬¬¬A:1013708710493

https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013708710493

Sorabji, Richard. 1993. Animal Minds and Human Morals: The Origins of the Western Debate. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

Timmermann, Jens. 2005. "When the Tail Wags the Dog: Animal Welfare and Indirect Duty in Kantian Ethics". Kantian Review 10: 127-149. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1369415400002168

https://doi.org/10.1017/S1369415400002168

Timmermann, Jens. 2014. "Kant and the Second-Person Standpoint". Grazer Philosophische Studien 90: 131-147. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004298767_009

Wolf, Ursula. 2012. Ethik der Mensch-Tier-Beziehung. Frankfurt am Main: Vittorio Klostermann.

https://doi.org/10.5771/9783465141617

Wood, Allen W. 1998. "Kant on Duties regarding Nonrational Nature". Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume 72 (1): 189-210. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8349.00042




DOI: https://doi.org/10.7358/rela-2022-01-mull



Copyright (©) 2022 Nico Dario Mueller – Editorial format and Graphical layout: copyright (©) LED Edizioni Universitarie

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.


Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism
Registered by Tribunale di Milano (04/05/2012 n. 211)
Online ISSN 2280-9643 - Print ISSN 2283-3196


Executive Editor: Francesco Allegri
Associate Editor: Matteo Andreozzi 
Review Editors: Sofia Bonicalzi - Eleonora Adorni
Editorial Board:
Ralph R. Acampora - Carol J. Adams - Vilma Baricalla - Luisella Battaglia - Rod Bennison - Matthew R. Calarco - Piergiorgio Donatelli - William Grove-Fanning - Serenella Iovino - Luigi Lombardi Vallauri - Christoph Lumer - Joel MacClellan - Dario Martinelli - Roberto Marchesini - Alma Massaro - Serpil Oppermann - Simone Pollo - Paola Sobbrio - Kim Stallwood - Sabrina Tonutti - Jessica Ullrich - Federico Zuolo

Referee List


© 2001 LED Edizioni Universitarie di Lettere Economia Diritto